Hugo Molina (PSAE)

 

We develop an empirical framework to analyze vertical relationships with manufacturer–retailer bargaining. Our key innovation is the introduction of a novel Nash-in-Nash bargaining model that incorporates uncertainty in retailers’ pricing responses to wholesale prices. This model extends existing Nash-in-Nash frameworks by relaxing assumptions about the timing of wholesale and retail price setting. We show that our model can be micro-founded by a two-stage noncooperative game with delegated negotiations. We propose a two-step strategy that separably identifies bargaining and responsiveness parameters and implies a Generalized Method of Moments estimation procedure. A preliminary application to Dominick’s beer market indicates that the retailer is likely to be responsive in retail pricing, with estimates of the responsiveness parameter close to one.

Practical information
16 October 2025 E2. 508